ACCA, MBA, Tax Agent ជាអ្នកនិពន្ធហើយអាចប្រលងជាប់៖ ACCA រហូត ៤ មុខវិជ្ជាក្នុងពេលតែម្តង, Tax Agent ពិន្ទុខ្ពស់, MBA & BBA ជាប់ជាសិស្សពូកែ និងមានបទពិសោធការងារជាង ១៥ ឆ្នាំ ព្រមទាំងអ្នកនិពន្ធផ្សេងៗ ?ទិញឯកសារហើយ អានមិនយល់អាចសួរបាន
Grandslam: This refers to the accomplishment of winning all four major championships- the championships of Australia, France, Britain (Wimbledon), and the United States in the same calendar season.
Grass Court: A court made from different compositions of grasses for the sport of lawn tennis. This is one of the 4 major types of courts.
Netplay: Refers to the activity or play made from a position close to the net.
Red Belt: For the 9th and 10th ranks and above, the belt is solid red.
Blue Belt: It is one level below the Green belt and it takes 1-2 years of training to reach here.
Green Belt: This belt depicts the intermediate level especially in Japan.
Free Pistol: A 50-meter pistol is a Free pistol. It has the most amount of precision and is also a part of the ISSF shooting events and some principles are also used in the Olympics.
Bull’s Eye: Category: The aim is to score points by hitting and targeting around shooting targets as close to its center as possible. This encourages slow precision firing.
Air Rifle: A rifle propelling a projectile with the use of compressed gas rather than a gunpowder explosion. It has a spring-loaded piston pump. It is also called a BB gun.
Polo-Bunker: A specially prepared area that tests a player’s ability to play a ball from the sand. A bunker is a depression, but it doesn’t always have to be full of sand.
Mallet: An equipment used to strike the ball in the game of Polo. It is also called a Polo stick i.e. having a long handle and a head like a hammer.
Chukker: A playing duration or period of a Polo game.
Move: This refers to the chance to turn off a player to go ahead with their game trickles according to the rules of the game.
Gambit: A chess opening in which a player sacrifices a possessioned material in order to achieve an advantageous position. Eg: Sacrificing a pawn.
International Master: A title awarded to brilliant chess players under the level of grandmaster. This lasts for a lifetime and the giver is an international chess body called the ‘FIDE’.
Checkmate: Instance of maneuvering the opponent’s king into a check or trap from which there is no way out. It is a warning symbol of threat and usually used when the game is about to end.
Sixer: When a batsman hits a six or scores 6 runs due to the ball crossing the outer boundary of the stadium. Majorly used in Indian cricket.
Dead Ball: When a ball served is not playable and the game cannot occur without the permission of the umpire.
Mid-Wicket: A fielding position which is 40° I.e approximately midway between the square leg and the mid-on.
Silly Point: This refers to a fielding position located very near the batsman on the offside.
Floor Exercise: Exercises and movements performed on the floor in an area of 12 meters square. Only cushioning of the floor is there and the time duration for this is short.
Parallel Bar: Consisting of two wooden bars on uprights about 11 feet high, adjustable in height, and used for swinging, vaulting, balancing exercises, etc.
Horizontal Bar: An equipment bar placed parallel to the ground for exercises such as chinning up used majorly by men.
Sit Up: A strength and endurance exercise to tone up and highlight the abdominal muscles.
Faults: If the horse touches any part of the water, it counts as a fault, which is actually equivalent to knocking down a rail on another kind of jump.
Three Day Events: An event where a single horse rider competes against other competitors across the three disciplines of dressage, cross-country, and show jumping.
Showjumping: Competitive horse riding race events conducted in which hurdles are also placed to test the participants on speed and their ability to overcome the obstacles.
All Square: A tie match wherein both the opponent teams have won an equal number of holes is an all-square match.
Bogey: This consists of one stroke over par on a hole or simply an average golfer’s score used as a standard for a particular hole or course.
Ballooning: Hitting down steeply will cause the club to pass a high rate of backspin to the ball, leading to the probable occurrence of a ballooning shot.
Ball Mark: An indentation on a putting green takes place when a usually long, high approach shot lands on the green.
Track Race: A bicycle racing sport that occurs on banked tracks that are specially designed or velodromes. It is present in both – Olympics and Paralympics.
Sprint: An event taking place between 2-4 riders, though usually, it is a one on one match between opponents who start together at the same mark cycling at full speed giving their best.
Time Trial: These include episodes of competition wherein individual cyclists or a team of cyclists goes out at intervals to cover a specific distance on a road course.
Point Race: This is an event that involves large numbers of cyclists together on one track. It is one of the Olympic events too. The top 4 finishers get awards and this is a part of long-distance cycling.
Scoring: Potting balls by a cue ball into a pocket. This is done by cannons too. This helps to score a point.
Break Shot: Breaking the racked object balls pocketing at least one ball and starts to pocket the remaining balls without giving a chance to the opponent at the table.
Object Ball: The first ball struck by a cue ball is the object ball. It is usually referred to as any ball except the cue ball.
Cue: A sporting equipment stick used to strike a ball. It is a tapered stick about 60 inches long.
Dive: To feign a boxing knockout in order to lose purposefully or intentionally.
Cornerman: A trainer or coach who assists the boxer during an ongoing bout. They may also apply ice, adrenaline to reduce hurt and swelling symptoms.
Low Blow: An unpermitted blow below the waistline of the opponent. It is a foul and is not allowed. The players upon doing it receive a warning or have 1 point deducted.
Knock Out: When the fight has ended, it is a winning criterion in combat sports. One boxer is unable to resume playing the game.
Grand Slam: The bet and winning of all the tricks during the play of one hand. It means winning all available bids in a particular year or a sports season.
Master Point: These are the points given by bridge organizations to individuals for success in competitive bridge tournaments. Generally, the awardees are members of the issuing organization.
Trump: The wild cards known as trump cards or the final bid for the entire hand.
Shot – Put: Throw of a spherical weight which is probably a metal ball from the shoulder to attain a maximum length. It is a measure of the explosive power of a player.
Cross Country: A race run across large terrains by individuals or teams in an open-air manner. This comes under Umbrella Sports.
Relay: A race consisting of four stages, which is usually run by different members of the same team. One runner passes the baton to the next runner in a marked zone.
High Jump: The participant takes a running jump to achieve a certain height above a crossbar.
Pinch Hitter: Refers to a substitute batter who is often an infielder or outfielder.
Homerun: When a batter hits a fair ball and scores without getting the benefit of an error made. He cannot be out due to which he can circle the ground at his own rate.
Base Runner: A player at the bat who is either at the first, second, or third base or is reaching for the base.
Throw: To arm throw a baseball in a forward manner as it further propels through the air. It includes the straightening of the arms and wrists.
Fore Hand: A swinging shot made by the racket which moves across the player’s body with the moving hand’s palm first.
Double Fault: When both the umpire and the service judge call out a fault for the server. It means there were two faults committed.
Shuttlecock: The equipment which acts as the projectile goes from one side to the other. It has a conical shape with feathers based on a rounded cork base. It is aerodynamically very stable.
Net: The equipment which divides the court into 2 equal halves. The shuttlecock must pass over this to play a continuous rally game.
Smash: A quick, sudden, powerful shot that takes place from high above to below landing in the opponent’s court. It refers to taking control over the game for that particular instant.
Defender: A player whose role is to stop the attacks and attempts to score goals by the opponent team members.
Hattrick: Term used when a player scores 3 goals in a single football match.
Goal: Scored when the ball crosses the goal line at any end of the football field between the goalposts which are set up.
Penalty Kick: A method of resuming the game, wherein a player gets the opportunity to score on the goal which is only defended by the goalkeeper of the opposite team.
Lay Up Shot: When a shot occurs from very near to the hoop, occurring usually when a player moves towards the basket.
Double Dribble Foul: This takes place either when a player dribbles the ball using both their hands or when a player stops to dribble and then starts to dribble again.
Free Throws: These are also known as foul shots. This is for the opposite team when the members of their opponent team commit a foul. These are also given out after technical fouls or when the foul conducting team enters the bonus or penalty situation. The player has to shoot from a 15 – foot free throw line.
Technical Fouls: These refer to the fouls displaying a lack of sportspersons spirit. There is an inclusion of ill behaviors and poor conduct during the game. This includes aggressiveness against opponents, coaches, referees, etc.
Personal Fouls: These refer to the fouls caused by commencement of contact with an opponent player. These are of 2 major types – offensive and defensive. These include charging, holding, tripping, elbowing, blocking.
Yield :
Xeriscaping : The practice of gardening or landscaping so as to reduce or eliminate the need for supplemental water from irrigation. Xeriscaping requires the selection of plants whose natural requirements are appropriate to the local climate, with a particular emphasis on water conservation, and focuses on designing and maintaining the land in such a way as to avoid losing water to evaporation and run-off.
Winnowing : The process or technique, performed either manually or mechanically, by which grain is separated from chaff. Traditional manual winnowing involves throwing the unseparated mixture into the air so that the wind blows away the lighter chaff, while the heavier grains fall back to the ground for recovery. In modern agriculture, winnowing is often entirely mechanized.
Windrow : A row of cut or mown hay or small grain crop that is allowed to dry in a field before being baled, combined, or rolled. Windrows may be built deliberately after cutting, or they may form automatically as a result of the method by which the crop is mown.
Windbreak :
One or more rows of closely spaced trees or shrubs planted in such a way as to provide shelter to an adjacent agricultural field from the wind, thereby protecting the area from excessive cold and soil erosion. Windbreaks commonly take the form of hedgerows planted around the edges of fields on farms, but may also be made from artificial materials such as large canvas panels. Aside from decreasing wind speeds, they may also be designed to separate farms from roads or motorways or to collect snowdrifts that will provide water to otherwise dry farmland when the snow melts in the spring.
Wildcrafting : The human practice of foraging for uncultivated plants or fungi from their natural or “wild” habitats, primarily for food or medicine.
Weed of cultivation : Any plant that is well-adapted to environments in which the land is cultivated for growing some other plant. See also crop weed.
Water-meadow : A flat area of grassland that is periodically flooded through the use of controlled irrigation in order to increase agricultural productivity. The technique is practiced primarily in Europe.
Volunteer : Any plant, especially a feral crop plant or crop descendant, that grows in an agricultural field or garden unintentionally, rather than by deliberate planting by a farmer or gardener. Volunteers often grow from seeds that have been dispersed by the wind or animals or inadvertently mixed into compost. Unlike weeds, volunteers are not necessarily unwanted, and may even be encouraged to grow, especially if they show desirable characteristics that can be selected to produce new cultivars.
Viticulture :
The cultivation of grapes, especially for use in winemaking.
Vertical farming : The practice of growing crops in vertically stacked layers, usually indoors as a type of controlled-environment agriculture and by incorporating soilless farming techniques such as hydroponics, aquaponics, and aeroponics.
U-Pick : See You-Pick.
Trap crop : Any plant that is cultivated in order to attract the attention of agricultural pests, usually insects, and thereby distract them away from nearby crops. In small farms or gardens, this practice can help save the primary crop from decimation by pests without the use of pesticides.
Transhumance : A type of pastoralism involving the seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures.
Tractor : A type of heavy engineering vehicle designed specifically to deliver very high tractive effort or torque at slow speeds for the purpose of hauling a trailer or machinery, especially one which provides the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks. Modern tractors serve a wide variety of different functions, with many types of agricultural implements and machinery able to be towed behind or mounted on a tractor, such as ploughs, harrows, and cultivators; the tractor may also provide a source of electrical power if the implement is mechanized.
Tilth : The physical texture, structure, and general condition of soil with respect to its suitability for planting or growing a crop, as indicated by parameters such as moisture content, aeration, soil aggregate stability, rate of water infiltration, and drainage. Soil with good tilth has large pore spaces allowing air and water movement, yet is also capable of holding water and plant nutrients for substantial periods of time. The primary objective of tillage is to improve tilth by mechanical manipulation of the soil, with the goal of increasing crop yield; fertilization, irrigation, and soil amendments can also positively impact tilth. When applied excessively, however, these practices may have the opposite effect, causing the soil to lose its structure and become compacted.
Tillage : 1. The preparation of agricultural soil by any of various types of mechanical agitation, whether human-powered, animal-powered, or mechanised, such as digging, hoeing, raking, ploughing, and harrowing. In this sense, it is also referred to as tilling.2. The land that is tilled.
Threshing machine :
Threshing : The process of loosening the edible part of a grain or other crop from the chaff to which it is attached, without removing the bran. In grain cultivation, threshing immediately follows reaping.
Tenant farmer : A person who operates and resides on farmland owned by a landlord. Tenant farming involves a contract between the landowner and the tenant farmer in which the landowner contributes his land and often a measure of operating capital and management in exchange for the tenant farmer’s labor. The tenant farmer may also pay rent to the landowner, though the form and measures of payment and the rights the tenant has to the land vary widely with local custom.
Tedder :
Swather :
A type of agricultural machinery that cuts hay or small grain crops and forms them into a windrow, with the goal of decreasing the time required for drying the crop to a moisture content suitable for harvesting and storage. A sickle bar or mower cuts the stems of the crop, and a reel helps the cut stems fall neatly onto a conveyor, which then deposits them into a windrow with all stems oriented in the same direction. The mown strip left behind is called the swathe.
Subsoiler :
A tractor-mounted farm implement used for tilling soil at depths much below the levels normally worked by mouldboard ploughs, disc harrows, or rototillers. While most such tools break up and turn over surface soil to a depth of 15–20 centimetres (5.9–7.9 in), subsoilers can often extend the action to as deep as 75 centimetres (30 in). They typically consist of three or more heavy, curved shanks with replaceable points and sometimes fitted with horizontal wings, which are used to lift and shatter the hardpan that builds up in deeper layers due to soil compaction.
Subsistence agriculture : Agricultural production that is practiced in order to meet the needs of the farmer or producer, as opposed to that practiced in order to generate profit by selling the agricultural products to consumers. Subsistence agriculture usually refers to farmers growing various food crops strictly for use by themselves and their families, typically on smallholdings, with the output of the farm targeted principally at fulfilling basic survival needs and local requirements, and generally implies small amounts of inputs, use of crude or traditional farming tools, reliance on unskilled labor (often family members), low yields, and little or no surplus. It primarily occurs in the developing world, though most modern subsistence farmers also participate in trade to some degree.
Stubble-mulching : The practice of leaving the stubble or crop residue essentially in place on a plot of cropland as a surface cover during a fallow period. Stubble-mulching can prevent soil erosion and conserve soil moisture.[5]
Straw : An agricultural byproduct consisting of the dry stalks of cereal plants after the grain and chaff have been removed. Straw has numerous different uses, including as mulch, biofuel, bedding and fodder for livestock, and construction material.
Stook :
An upright conical or tent-like arrangement of sheaves of the cut stalks of a grain crop, placed so as to keep the grain-heads off the ground prior to collection for threshing. Stooked grains typically include wheat, barley, oats, and maize.
Staple food :
A food that is eaten routinely and in such quantities that it constitutes a dominant portion of a standard diet for a given population or demographic, supplying a large fraction of energy needs and generally providing a significant proportion of the basic nutrients needed for survival or health. Specific staple foods vary by location and culture, but typically are inexpensive or readily available foods that are suitable for storage over long periods of time without decaying; examples include cereals, starchy tubers or root vegetables, meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products.
Spoilage : The process by which an agricultural product (typically food) becomes unsuitable for use or ingestion by the consumer. Natural decomposition of agricultural crops by bacteria and fungi is the most common cause of food spoilage. Depending on the type of product, shelf life may be significantly increased with proper packaging and storage and by the application of various food preservation techniques.
Sowing :
The process of distributing seeds (or any other type of propagule) of crop plants in or upon an area of fertile soil, either by hand or by mechanical methods. Sowing is one of the first steps in any seasonal agricultural operation.
Soil science : The scientific study of soil as a natural resource, including its formation, classification, and mapping; the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils; and how these properties relate to the use and management of soils for agricultural purposes.
Soil amendment :
Any product which is added to soil to improve the soil’s quality, especially its fertility and mechanics, either to make poor soils more usable or to maintain soils that are already in good condition. In the broadest sense, the term includes all organic and synthetic fertilizers and all other soil additives.