Author: Buy Khmer Book

IP Address: An Internet Protocol address, or IP address, is a numerical address that corresponds to your computer on a network. When a computer wants to connect to another computer, it connects to that computer’s IP address.

Internet of Things (IoT): The Internet of Things, or IoT, refers to the billions of physical devices around the world that are now connected to the internet, all collecting and sharing data.

Internet of Everything (IoE): Coined by Cisco, the term “Internet of Everything” is defined as the networked connection of people, process, data, and things. The benefit of IoE is derived from the compound impact of connecting people, process, data, and things, and the value this increased connectedness creates as “everything” comes online.

IoE creates opportunities for organizations, individuals, communities, and countries to realize dramatically greater value from networked connections among people, process, data, and things.

Information Security Policy: An information security policy is a set of rules that guide individuals who work with IT assets. Your company can create an information security policy to ensure your employees and other users follow security protocols and procedures.

IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service; In the most basic cloud-service model, providers of IaaS offer computers – physical or (more often) virtual machines – and other resources.

Hyperconverged Infrastructure (HCI): Hyperconverged infrastructure is a software-defined IT infrastructure that virtualizes all of the elements of conventional “hardware-defined” systems. HCI includes, at a minimum, virtualized computing, software-defined storage and virtualized networking.

HTTP: The hypertext transfer protocol is the standard protocol modern web browsers and the web itself uses. FTP and BitTorrent are examples of alternative protocols.

HTML: HyperText Markup Language; a language used for creating web pages. Various instructions and sets of tags are used to define how the document will look.

Hostnames: A hostname is a human-readable label that points to a device connected to a network. For example, on your home network, your Windows computer’s hostname may be WINDOWSPC. Your other devices can connect to WINDOWSPC and will be pointed at that computer’s local IP address.

Help desk: A help desk is an information and assistance resource that troubleshoots problems with computers or similar products.

Gigabyte (Gig or GB): 1024 x 1024 x 1024 (2 to the 30th power) bytes; it’s usually sufficient to think of a gigabyte as approximately one billion bytes or 1000 megabytes.

Gateway: A gateway is a device that routes traffic between networks. For example, at home, your router is your gateway. It provides a “gateway” between your LAN and WAN.

FTP: File Transfer Protocol; a method of exchanging files between computers via the Internet. A program like WS FTP for IBM PC or compatibles or Fetch for Macintosh is required. Files can contain documents or programs and can be ASCII text or binary data.

Flash drive: A small device that plugs into computer’s USB port and functions as a portable hard drive.

Firewall: A firewall is a piece of software or hardware that blocks certain types of traffic. For example, a firewall could block incoming traffic on a certain port or block all incoming traffic except traffic coming from a specific IP address.

Filter: Refers to: 1) a program that has the function of translating data into a different format (e.g., a program used to import or export data or a particular file); 2) a pattern that prevents non-matching data from passing through (e.g., email filters); and 3) in paint programs and image editors, a special effect that can be applied to a bit map.

Female connector: A cable connector that has holes and plugs into a port or interface to connect one device to another.

Exploit Kits: An exploit kit or exploit pack is a type of toolkit cybercriminals use to attack vulnerabilities in systems so they can distribute malware or perform other malicious activities. Exploit kits are packaged with exploits that can target commonly installed software such as Adobe Flash®, Java®, Microsoft Silverlight®.

Ethernet card: An adapter card that fits into a computer and connects to Ethernet cabling; different types of adaptor cards fit specific computers.

Ethernet: Ethernet is the standard wired network technology in use almost everywhere today. If your computer is connected to a network via a cable, it’s likely using an Ethernet cable. That cable plugs into an Ethernet port on your computer.

ទិសា

?ថ្នាក់ពាក្យជា នាមសព្ទ
មានន័យថា (ម. ព. ទិស) ពាក្យ​សម្រាប់​ប្រើ​ក្នុង​កាព្យ, ប្រើ​ជា​ឯកវចនៈ ឬ​ជា​ពហុវចនៈ​បាន​ទាំង ២ យ៉ាង។
ឧទាហរណ៍៖ ស្ដេច​គង់​នៅ​នា​ទក្សិណ​ទិសា…; អស់​ពួក​ទេព្ដា​នៅ​សព្វ​ទិសា​មូល​មក​ចួប​ជុំ…។

Endpoint Security: Endpoint security is the practice of securing endpoints or entry points of end-user devices such as desktops, laptops, and mobile devices from being exploited by malicious actors and campaigns. Endpoint security systems protect these endpoints on a network or in the cloud from cybersecurity threats. 

Encryption: The manipulation of data to prevent accurate interpretation by all but those for whom the data is intended.

EHR/EMR/PHR (Electronic Health Record/Electronic Health Record/Personal Health Record) these three are together because people often use them interchangeably. EMR stands for Electronic Medical Record, EHR stands for Electronic Health Record and PHR stands for Personal Health Record.

Edge Computing: Edge computing is a distributed computing paradigm that brings computation and data storage closer to the location where it is needed, to improve response times and save bandwidth.

Download: The process of transferring one or more files from a remote computer to your local computer. The opposite action is upload.

Domain Name: Domain names are the base part of website names like howtogeek.com or google.com. Note that domain names are just another type of hostname.

Domain: Part of an Internet address. The network hierarchy consists of domains and subdomains. At the top are a number of major categories (e.g., com, edu, gov); next are domains within these categories (e.g., ohio-state); and then there are subdomains. The computer name is at the lowest level of the hierarchy.

DNS: The domain name system is how computers convert human-readable domain names and hostnames to numerical IP addresses. When you type howtogeek.com into your web browser’s address bar, your computer contacts its DNS server and the DNS server replies with the numerical IP address of How-To Geek’s server, which is what your computer connects to.

Disruptive Technology: New technology that surprisingly displaces an already established one.

Disaster recovery: Disaster recovery is the process, policies and procedures related to preparing for recovery or continuation of technology infrastructure critical to an organization after a natural or human-induced disaster. Disaster recovery is a subset of business continuity. While business continuity involves planning for keeping all aspects of a business functioning in the midst of disruptive events, disaster recovery focuses on the IT or technology systems that support business functions.

Dialog box: Sometimes referred to as a window; on a graphical user interface system, an enclosed area displayed by a program or process to prompt a user for entry of information in one or more boxes (fields).

DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; a protocol that lets a server on a local network assign temporary IP addresses to a computer or other network devices.

DevOps: DevOps is a set of practices that combines software development and IT operations. It aims to shorten the system’s development life cycle and provide continuous delivery with high software quality. DevOps is complementary with Agile software development; several DevOps aspects came from Agile methodology.

Devices: Input devices include things like microphones, keyboards, mouse, touchpads, wheels, joysticks, etc. Output devices include printers, monitors, projectors and speakers.

Desktop: On computers like IBM PC or compatibles and Macintoshes, the backdrop where windows and icons for disks and applications reside.

DDoS Attacks: A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is a malicious attempt to disrupt normal traffic to a web property. In computing, a denial-of-service attack is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet.

Data Loss Prevention (DLP): Data loss prevention (DLP) is a set of tools and processes used to ensure that sensitive data is not lost, misused, or accessed by unauthorized users. Data loss prevention software detects potential data breaches/data exfiltration transmissions and prevents them by monitoring, detecting and blocking sensitive data while in use, in motion, and at rest.

Data center: Facility used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems. Generally includes redundant or backup power supplies, redundant data communications connections, environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire suppression) and security devices.

Database: A collection of information organized so that a computer application can quickly access selected information; it can be thought of as an electronic filing system. Traditional databases are organized by fields, records (a complete set of fields), and files (a collection of records). Alternatively, in a Hypertext database, any object (e.g., text, a picture, or a film) can be linked to any other object.

Cyber Physical Attacks: A security breach in cyberspace that impacts on the physical environment. A malicious user can take control of the computing or communication components of water pumps, transportation, pipeline valves, etc., and cause damage to property and put lives at risk.

Customer Relationship Management: Customer relationship management refers to a set of processes, tools, technologies and software that help businesses manage their relationships with their customers. For instance, a customer relationship management software would be able to give businesses enough details about their customers from the level of communication that has been done by each customer and when.  This allows businesses to personalize and customize their contacts with the customer to gain more sales.

CSS: Cascading Style Sheet; A set of rules that define how web pages are displayed using CSS, designers can create rules that define how page.

CSP: Cloud Service Provider; a business model for providing cloud services.

ទិសដៅគោលនយោបាយ

?ថ្នាក់ពាក្យជា ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ
មានន័យថា ទិសដៅគោលនយោបាយរយៈពេលមធ្យម (ពី ៣ ទៅ ៥ ឆ្នាំ) ដែលត្រូវបានកំណត់ដោយក្រសួង- ស្ថាប័ន ដើម្បីអនុវត្តមុខងារនិងភារកិច្ចរបស់ខ្លួន ដែលរាជរដ្ឋាភិបាលបានប្រគល់ជូន ជាពិសេសដើម្បីរួមចំណែកអនុវត្តផែនការយុទ្ធសាស្រ្តអភិវឌ្ឍន៍ជាតិ និងយុទ្ធសាស្រ្តចតុកោណដំណាក់កាលទី២ ដើម្បីកំណើន ការងារ សមធម៌ និងប្រសិទ្ធភាព ក្នុងគោលដៅកាត់បន្ថយភាពក្រីក្រ និងលើកកម្ពស់កម្រិតជីវភាពរបស់ប្រជាពលរដ្ឋ។

Crowdsourcing: Crowdsourcing means the outsourcing of your tasks to, well, a crowd of people. That is, you will have a loosely defined group, which will do the work for you.  Crowdsourcing takes away the task that you have to do in-house or by using an employee and letting a bigger group of people do it.  In IT, crowdsourcing usually involves the general public.

Cross-Platform: Cross-platform (a.k.a. agnostic, agnostic application and agnostic platform) refers to something that is interoperable among different operating systems, systems and platforms. Cross-platform, however, is more focused on software that can run on any operating system and on any processor architecture.

CPU: Central processing unit; the part of a computer that oversees all operations and calculations.

Cookie: A small piece of information you may be asked to accept when connecting to certain servers via a web browser. It is used throughout your session as a means of identifying you. A cookie is specific to, and sent only to the server that generated it.

ទិសដៅ

?ថ្នាក់ពាក្យជា ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុសាធារណៈ
មានន័យថា ការកំណត់ទិសមួយដ៏ជាក់លាក់ ដើម្បីសម្រេចបាននូវចក្ខុវិស័យ។ ជារួមទិសដៅ មិនត្រូវបានធ្វើការផ្លាស់ប្តូរទេ នៅក្នុងរយៈពេលមធ្យម។

Content Management: Content management is a collection of tools, software and processes that allow you to collect, manage and publish information on any medium. Content management also ensures that whatever content you have is indexable or searchable, making it easy for users to find that information.  It also encompasses deletion of content.

Cloud: A common shorthand for a provided cloud computing services (or even an aggregation of all existing cloud services) is “The Cloud”. The cloud, simply, refers to software and services that run on the Internet instead of your computer. Apple iCloud, Dropbox, Netflix, Amazon Cloud Drive, Flickr, Google Drive, Microsoft Office 365, Yahoo Mail — those are all cloud services.

Cache: A set of files saved on your hard disk that help your browser display pages you have already visited more quickly. It displays the files from your hard disk instead of the web.

ទិស

?ថ្នាក់ពាក្យជា នាមសព្ទ
មានន័យថា (សំ. ទិឝ; បា. ទិសា ) ភាគ, ចំណែកមុខក្រោយឆ្វេងស្តាំព្រមទាំងជ្រុងជាចន្លោះទាំង៤និងខាងលើខាងក្រោមឬត្រង់កណ្ដាល រួមជា ១០ គឺ បូព៌, អាគ្នេយ៍, ទក្សិណ, និរតី, បស្ចិម, ពាយ័ព្យ, ឧត្តរ, ឦសាន, ក្រោម, លើ ។

BYOD: Bring Your Own Device or “BYOD” is a business and technology policy that allows employees to bring in personal mobile devices and use these devices to access company data, email, etc.

Business Continuity: Activity performed by an organization to ensure that critical business functions will be available to customers, suppliers, regulators, and other entities that must have access to those functions. These activities include many daily chores such as project management, system backups, change control, and help desk. Business Continuity is not something implemented at the time of a disaster; Business Continuity refers to those activities performed daily to maintain service, consistency, and recoverability.

Break/Fix: The term break/fix refers to the fee-for-service method of providing information technology services to businesses. Using this method, an IT solution provider performs services as needed and bills the customer only for the work done. 

Blockchain: A growing list of records, called blocks, that are linked using cryptography. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block’s timestamp and transaction data. By design, a blockchain is resistant to modification of the data.

Bandwidth: A measurement of the amount of data that can be transmitted over a network at any given time. The higher the network’s bandwidth, the greater the volume of data that can be transmitted. Network bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per second (bps); modern networks typically have speeds measured in the millions of bits per second (megabits per second, or Mbps) or billions of bits per second (gigabits per second, or Gbps).

ទិវ័ន

?ថ្នាក់ពាក្យជា នាមសព្ទ
មានន័យថា (សំ. ទិវន៑ ) ថ្ងៃ ។

Authentication: The process of identifying yourself and the verification that you’re who you say you are. Computers where restricted information is stored may require you to enter your username and password to gain access.

ទិវៅក័ស

?ថ្នាក់ពាក្យជា នាមសព្ទ
មានន័យថា (ម. ព. ទិវោក័ស) ។

ទិវោក័ស

?ថ្នាក់ពាក្យជា នាមសព្ទ
មានន័យថា (បា. ទិវោក; សំ. ទិវៅកស៑ ) ទេវតា, ពួកទេវតាសាមញ្ញ ។

APT Threats: An advanced persistent threat (APT) is a stealthy computer network threat actor, typically a nation-state or state-sponsored group, that gains unauthorized access to a computer network and remains undetected for an extended period.

Application Programming Interface (API): An application programming interface is a computing interface that defines interactions between multiple software intermediaries. It defines the kinds of calls or requests that can be made, how to make them, the data formats that should be used, the conventions to follow.

Amazon Web Services: Amazon Web Services is a subsidiary of Amazon that provides on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered pay-as-you-go basis.

Alias: A short, easy to remember name created for use in place of a longer, more complicated name; commonly used in e-mail applications. Also referred to as a “nickname”.