ACCA, MBA, Tax Agent ជាអ្នកនិពន្ធហើយអាចប្រលងជាប់៖ ACCA រហូត ៤ មុខវិជ្ជាក្នុងពេលតែម្តង, Tax Agent ពិន្ទុខ្ពស់, MBA & BBA ជាប់ជាសិស្សពូកែ និងមានបទពិសោធការងារជាង ១៥ ឆ្នាំ ព្រមទាំងអ្នកនិពន្ធផ្សេងៗ ?ទិញឯកសារហើយ អានមិនយល់អាចសួរបាន
box canyon : A short, narrow canyon with steep walls on three sides, allowing entry and exit only through the mouth of the canyon.
borough : A type of administrative subdivision in certain English-speaking parts of the world. Though traditionally used to refer to a fortress or a walled town, modern usage of the term can variably refer to any town with its own local self-government, a formal or informal subdivision of a large metropolis (as in New York City and London), or an entire administrative region (as in the U.S. state of Alaska).
bornhardt : A bald, steep-sided, dome-shaped hill, mountain, or rock outcropping at least 30 metres (98 ft) in height and several hundred meters in width. Compare inselberg, tor, and nubbin.
border : The geographical boundary of a political entity or legal jurisdiction, such as a country, state, or other subnational entity
bootheel : See salient.
bog:
A type of wetland which accumulates deposits of dead plant material, especially mosses, known as peat. Bogs occur where the water at the ground surface is acidic and low in dissolved nutrients. They are one of four main types of wetland.
body of water : Any significant accumulation of water, either natural or artificial, on the surface of the Earth. Bodies of water may hold or contain water, as with lakes and oceans, or they may collect and move water from one place to another, as with rivers, streams, and other watercourses.
bocage : A landscape of mixed woodland and pasture, with fields and winding country lanes sunken between low, narrow ridges and banks surmounted by tall, thick hedgerows, especially as found in rural parts of western Europe.
blowout : A sandy depression formed when wind erodes into patches of bare sand on otherwise vegetation-stabilized sand dunes at the margins of coastal and arid ecosystems.
biota : The animal and plant life of a region considered as a total ecological entity.
biosphere : The realm of all living things
biogeography : The study of the distribution of biological species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.
biological diversity:
A concept recognizing the variety of life forms in an area of the Earth and the ecological interdependence of these life forms
bight : A bend or curve in a coastline, river, or other geographical feature typically indicating an especially large, open bay that is shallower than a sound.
berm : 1. A level space, shelf, or raised barrier separating two areas, often man-made and built of compacted earth. Berms often function as impoundments, fortification lines, or border walls and other lines of demarcation.2. A low, impermanent, nearly horizontal or landward-sloping shelf, ledge, or narrow terrace on the backshore of a beach and parallel to the shoreline, formed by waves which deposit material beyond the average high water line, e.g. during storms. Some beaches have no berms; others may have one or more
bedrock : The solid rock in the Earth’s crust that underlies all soil and other loose material; the rock material that breaks down eventually to form soil
bearing : The direction or position of an object, or the direction of an object’s movement, relative to a fixed point. It is typically measured in degrees and can be determined with a compass. By convention, magnetic north is defined as having a bearing of zero degrees.
beach :A landform along the shoreline of an ocean, sea, lake, or river with a loose surface of sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, shells, stones, or coral.
bay : A coastal body of water that is directly connected to but recessed from a larger body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or another bay. The land surrounding a bay usually shelters it from strong winds and waves, making bays ideal places for ports and harbors.
bathymetry : 1. The measurement of water depth, mainly of seas and oceans but sometimes of deep lakes. 2. The study and depiction of the physical features or relief of the floor of a lake or ocean. In this sense bathymetry is considered the underwater equivalent of hypsometry or topography.
batholith : A very large body of igneous rock, usually granite, which has been exposed by erosion of the overlying rock
basin : See depression.
base level : The lowest level to which a stream can erode its bed. The ultimate base level of all streams is the sea
barrier ridge : Any steep, unnavigable ridge or escarpment isolating one terrain from another.
bar : An elevated region of sediment such as sand or gravel which has been deposited by the flow of a river or other moving body of water. See also shoal.
bajada:
A series of adjacent alluvial fans coalescing in a basin at the foot of a mountain range.
badlands: An area of rugged or irregular topography resulting from extensive wind and water erosion of sedimentary rock.[
backwater : A part of a river in which there is little or no current.
backslope : The part of the profile of a hillslope that forms the steepest, typically linear portion of the slope, generally located in the middle and bounded by a convex shoulder above and a concave footslope below. The backslope may or may not include vertical or near-vertical cliffs.
azimuth : The angle formed between a reference vector (often magnetic north) and a line from the observer to a point of interest projected perpendicularly to the zenith on the same plane as the reference vector. Azimuth is usually measured in degrees and can be determined with a compass.
ayre : Another name for a shingle beach or other gravel-covered spit, bar, or tombolo, used primarily in the archipelagos of northern Scotland.
atoll : A ring-shaped coral reef that partially or completely encircles a lagoon.
atmosphere : The mixture of gases, aerosols, solid particles, and water vapor that envelops the Earth
atlas : A bound collection of maps.
Atlantic Seaboard fall line : The physiographic border between the Piedmont and Atlantic coastal plain regions of eastern North America. The name derives from the river rapids and waterfalls that occur as the water flows from the hard rocks of the higher piedmont onto the softer rocks of the coastal plain
aspect:
The direction toward which a slope faces with respect to a compass or to the Sun’s position in the sky,[4] or the direction toward which a segment of coastline faces as it meets the sea.
ash : Fragments of lava or rock less than 1⁄3 centimetre (0.13 in) in diameter that have been ejected into the atmosphere by a volcanic explosion.
Arctic Circle : The northernmost of the Earth’s two polar circles of latitude, north of which the sun appears above the horizon for 24 continuous hours at least once per year (and is therefore visible at midnight) and also appears at least partially below the horizon for 24 continuous hours at least once per year (and is therefore not fully visible at noon). Its latitude is approximately 66°33′47.1″ north of the Equator. Contrast Antarctic Circle.
Arctic : The region of the Earth that is north of the Arctic Circle.
arroyo:
A deep gully cut by a stream that flows only part of the year; a dry gulch. The term is used primarily in desert areas.
arête : A sharp, narrow mountain ridge, often resulting from the erosive activity of alpine glaciers flowing in adjacent valleys
archipelago : A collection of islands in a sea.
aquifer : An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures, or unconsolidated materials such as gravel, sand, or silt.
apparent place : The apparent position of an object in space as seen by an observer, which, because of physical and geometric effects, may differ from the object’s true position.
antipodes : Any pair of points on the Earth’s surface that are diametrically opposite to each other, such that a straight line connecting them would pass through the Earth’s center. Such points are as far away from each other as possible, with the great-circle distance between them being approximately 20,000 kilometres (12,000 mi).
antimeridian : The line of longitude exactly 180 degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian, with which it forms a great circle dividing the Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. It is used as the approximate basis for the International Date Line because it mostly passes through the open waters of the Pacific Ocean.
anticline : A geological fold that has an arch-like convex shape and its oldest beds near its center, often visible at the Earth’s surface in exposed rock strata.
anthropization : The conversion of open spaces, landscapes, and natural environments by human action.
Antarctic Circle : The southernmost of the Earth’s two polar circles of latitude, south of which the sun appears above the horizon for 24 continuous hours at least once per year (and is therefore visible at midnight) and also appears at least partially below the horizon for 24 continuous hours at least once per year (and is therefore not visible at noon). Its latitude is approximately 66°33′47.1″ south of the Equator. Contrast Arctic Circle.
Antarctic : The region of the Earth that is south of the Antarctic Circle.
altitude : The height of an object in the atmosphere above sea level. Compare elevation
alpine : Characteristic of or resembling the European Alps, or any other high-elevation mountain range or mountainous environment (especially one deeply modified by glacial erosion so as to contain characteristic landforms such as cirques, horns, etc.), in topography, climate, or ecological communities.
alluvium : Clay, silt, gravel, or similar detrital material deposited by running water
alluvial soils : Soils deposited through the action of moving water. These soils lack horizons and are usually highly fertile.
alluvial plain : A wide, flat, gently sloping plain created by the long-term deposition of alluvium from one or more rivers flowing from highland regions, and typically characterized by various fluvial landforms such as braided streams, terraces, and meanders. Alluvial plains encompass the larger area over which a river’s floodplain has shifted through geological time.
alluvial fan : A distinctly triangular, fan-shaped deposit of sediment transported by water, often referred to as alluvium. Alluvial fans usually form at the base of mountains, where high-velocity rivers or streams meet a relatively flat area and lose the energy needed to carry large quantities of sediment, which ultimately spreads out in all available directions. They tend to be larger and more obvious in arid regions.
agricultural geography : A sub-discipline of geography which studies the spatial relationships between humans and agriculture and the cultural, political, and environmental processes that lead to parts of the Earth’s surface being transformed by humans through primary sector activities into agricultural landscapes.
affluent : See tributary.
active volcano : A volcano that is currently erupting, or one that has erupted within the last 10,000 years (the Holocene) or during recorded history
accessibility resource : A naturally emergent landscape form that eases communication between areas.
accessibility : A locational characteristic that permits a place to be reached by the efforts of those at other places
absolute location : The particular location of a point on Earth’s surface that can be expressed by a grid reference such as latitude and longitude.
wind : The flow of gases on a large scale.
white body : A hypothetical idealized physical body that reflects all incident electromagnetic radiation completely and uniformly in all directions; the opposite of a black body.
wheel and axle : A wheel attached to an axle in such a way that the two parts rotate together and transfer forces between them; one of six classical simple machines.
wedge: A triangular round tool in the form of a compound and portable inclined plane; one of six classical simple machines.
weak interaction:
One of the four fundamental forces of nature, along with the strong nuclear force, electromagnetism, and gravitation. It is responsible for the radioactive decay of subatomic particles and initiates the process known as hydrogen fusion in stars.
wavelength : A measure of the distance traversed by a single spatial period of a sinusoidal wave, i.e. the distance over which the wave’s shape repeats.
wave: A disturbance or oscillation that travels through spacetime accompanied by a transfer of energy.
watt (W): A derived unit of power in the International System of Units (SI) defined as one joule per second. The watt measures the rate of energy conversion or transfer.
voltmeter: An instrument used for measuring the difference in electric potential between two points in an electric circuit. Analog voltmeters move a pointer across a scale in proportion to the voltage of the circuit.
volt (V): The SI derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force, defined as the difference in electric potential between two points of a conducting wire when an electric current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power between those two points.
visible light : A form of electromagnetic radiation generally defined as the range of wavelengths visible to the average human eye.
velocity ( v ) : A vector quantity defined as the rate of change of the position of an object with respect to a given frame of reference. Velocity specifies both an object’s speed and direction of motion (e.g. 60 kilometres per hour to the north).
vector space : A mathematical structure formed by a collection of elements called vectors, which may be added together and multiplied (“scaled”) by numbers called scalars.
vector : Any quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
valence shell: The outermost electron shell of an atom.
valence electron : An electron that is associated with an atom and can participate in the formation of a chemical bond.
vacuum : An area of space which contains no matter.
utility frequency : The frequency of the oscillations of alternating current (AC) in an electric power grid transmitted from a power plant to the end-user.
uncertainty principle : Any of a variety of mathematical inequalities asserting a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, such as position x and momentum p, cannot be known simultaneously.
triple point : The temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of a given substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.
trigonometry : A branch of mathematics that studies triangles and the relationships between their sides and the angles between these sides.
toughness : The ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing. Material toughness is defined as the amount of energy per unit volume that a material can absorb before rupturing. It is also defined as the resistance to fracture of a material when stressed.
torque:
The tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist to an object.
thermometer : An instrument used to measure temperature.
thermal equilibrium : A state in which there is no net flow of thermal energy between two physical systems when the systems are connected by a path permeable to heat. A system may also be said to be in thermal equilibrium with itself if the temperature within the system is spatially and temporally uniform. Systems in thermodynamic equilibrium are always in thermal equilibrium, but the converse is not always true.
theoretical physics : A branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems in order to rationalize, explain, and predict natural phenomena, as opposed to experimental physics, which relies on data generated by experimental observations.
temperature : A physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold.
superconductor : A phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature.
sublimation : The physical process by which matter is transformed directly from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through an intermediate liquid phase. Sublimation is an endothermic phase transition that occurs at temperatures and pressures below a substance’s triple point in its phase diagram.
subatomic particle : Any particle that is smaller than an atom.
stress : 1. An applied force or system of forces that tends to strain or deform a physical body.2. A measure of the internal forces acting within a deformable body.3. A quantitative measure of the average force per unit area of a surface within a body on which internal forces act.
strain : The transformation of a body from a reference configuration to a current configuration. A configuration is a set containing the positions of all particles of the body.
stiffness : The rigidity of an object, i.e. the extent to which it resists deformation in response to an applied force.
Standard Model : The theory of particle physics which describes three of the four known fundamental forces (the electromagnetic force, the weak force, and the strong force, but not the gravitational force) and classifies all known elementary particles.
stable nuclide : Any nuclide that is not radioactive and does not spontaneously undergo radioactive decay, as opposed to a radionuclide. When such nuclides are referred to in relation to specific elements, they are usually termed stable isotopes.